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Cd, Hg, Pb emissions to the air in period 1990-2001
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Key message
Annual emissions of heavy metals from HELCOM countries have decreased during the period from 1990 to 2001 by 45% for cadmium, 61% for mercury, and 58% for lead.
Assessment
The document presents the information on anthropogenic emissions of heavy metals (cadmium, mercury and lead) to the atmosphere from sources of HELCOM countries during the period 1990-2001. These data were used for modelling of transboundary air pollution by heavy metals within European region including the Baltic Sea and its catchment area (Ilyin and Travnikov, 2003). Emissions of all three metals for each year of this period were officially reported to the UN ECE Secretariat by most of HELCOM countries (Vestreng, 2003). Some of the countries, in particular, Germany, Lithuania, and Russia submitted part of the data for this period. Missing information was obtained on the basis of official data by interpolation or extrapolation.
Results
Annual emissions of heavy metals from HELCOM countries decreased during the period 1990-2001 by 45% for Cd, 61% for Hg, and 58% for Pb. For individual countries most significant drop of cadmium and mercury emissions can be noted for Latvia (75% and 86%). In case of lead emission the most significant decrease can be seen for Sweden (97%). In 2001 total annual emissions of HELCOM countries amounted to 120 tonnes of cadmium, 66 tonnes of mercury, and 3578 tonnes of lead. In comparison to total emission from anthropogenic sources within the European region the share of HELCOM countries emission is accounted for 40% for cadmium, 35% - for mercury, and 30% – for lead. Among the HELCOM countries the largest contributions to cadmium total emissions of HELCOM countries in 2001 belong to Poland (44%) and Russia (42%), for lead – to Russia (67%), Poland (17%) and Germany (14%), and for mercury – to Germany (43%), Poland (35%), and Russia (15%). Maps with time-series of annual total Cd, Hg, Pb emissions of HELCOM countries are shown on Figures 1-3.
Click the image to enlarge.
Figure 1. Map of cadmium emissions of HELCOM Contracting Parties (CP) to air as totals in tonnes/year for the period 1990-2001. Blue bars show officially submitted data, pink bars interpolated or extrapolated values. (The emission data of the CP refer to the total area of the CP except for Russian Federation, for which emissions from the territory of Russian Federation within the EMEP domain is used).
Note: different scales have been used for different countries!
Click the image to enlarge.
Figure 2. Map of mercury emissions of HELCOM Contracting Parties (CP) to air as totals in tonnes/year for the period 1990-2001. Blue bars show officially submitted data, pink bars interpolated or extrapolated values. (The emission data of the CP refer to the total area of the CP except for Russian Federation, for which emissions from the territory of Russian Federation within the EMEP domain is used).
Note: different scales have been used for different countries!
Click the image to enlarge.
Figure 3. Map of lead emissions of HELCOM Contracting Parties (CP) to air as totals in tonnes/year for the period 1990-2001. Blue bars show officially submitted data, pink bars interpolated or extrapolated values. (The emission data of the CP refer to the total area of the CP except for Russian Federation, for which emissions from the territory of Russian Federation within the EMEP domain is used).
Note: different scales have been used for different countries!
Figure 4. Contributions of individual HELCOM countries to their total cadmium emission from anthropogenic sources in 2001.
Figure 5. Contributions of individual HELCOM countries to their total lead emission from anthropiogenic sources in 2001.
Figure 6. Contributions of individual HELCOM countries to their total mercury emission from anthropiogenic sources in 2001.
References
Ilyin I., O. Travnikov, W. Aas, H.Th. Uggerud 2003] Heavy metals: transboundary pollution of the environment. MSC-E and CCC. EMEP status report 2/2003. June 2003. [http://www.msceast.org/reps/SR2-2003.pdf
Data
Table 1. Cadmium emissions from anthropogenic sources of HELCOM countries from 1990 to 2001. Last column shows change of emission from 1990 to 2001 in percent. Units: tonnes/year
Table 2. Lead emissions from anthropogenic sources of HELCOM countries from 1990 to 2001. Last column shows change of emission from 1990 to 2001 in percent. Units: tonnes/year
Table 3. Mercury emissions from anthropogenic sources of HELCOM countries from 1990 to 2001. Last column shows change of emission from 1990 to 2001 in percent. Units: tonnes/year
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